A Precise Microfluidic Assay in Single‐Cell Profile for Screening of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Modulators

A Precise Microfluidic Assay in Single‐Cell Profile for Screening of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Modulators

  一种精确的单细胞分析微流控分析用于筛选TRP通道调节剂。

Introduction

  哺乳动物瞬时受体电位(Transient receptor potential, TRP)通道主要由6个亚族组成,大部分与一价和二价阳离子如Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+的非选择性透过有关。一系列证据显示TRP通道功能异常涉及多种人类疾病,致使TRP通道成为新兴的药物发现的治疗靶点。

  当前可用的TRP通道化学调节剂依然缺乏选择性和有效性。在TRP通道中,TRPA1、TRPV1-4和TRPM8位于伤害感受器上,因此在病理性疼痛条件下探测和转导热、化学和机械刺激发挥着关键作用。因此,寻找和开发有效的选择性TRP通道调节剂可能会对疼痛治疗和通道药理学发挥重要价值。

  当前筛选TRP通道调节剂的2种常用方法是:

  • 基于Ca2+成像的间接的光学技术:商业的多功能酶标仪测量来自细胞群中细胞内的荧光钙信号,导致不准确的预测,可能会导致假阳性/假阴性命中。
  • 直接功能的膜片钳电生理:基于膜片钳的单细胞记录仍然是基于离子通道靶点的药物发现的金标准。然而膜片钳记录试验不适用于大规模的药物筛选,因为它相对较大的样品消耗和劳动强度以及复杂的显微操作。

  目前没有用于单细胞形式的靶向化合物筛选的微流控方法,因此作者发表了这种单细胞策略筛选TRP通道调节剂的方法。通过已知的TRP通道激动剂和拮抗剂以对这种独特的微流控芯片方法验证,最后评估了约200种天然小分子并确定了一种来自于九里香的TRPA1拮抗剂B-304。

Figure 1. Schematics of the microfluidic assay in single-cell profile for real-time monitoring of calcium fluorescence kinetics upon active compounds targeting TRP channels

  • (a)代表性的单细胞捕获的4个微芯片集合示意图。绿色箭头表示流向。
  • (b)14个平行的在载玻片上的微芯片集合的照片。
  • (c)在一个微芯片上通过被动泵切换培育基的示意图。
  • (d)实施化合物后的TRP通道活性的检测原理。
  • (e)一个微芯片上成百个独立细胞表达TRP通道的荧光图像。
  • (f)通过被动泵对代表性细胞重复实施化合物的钙荧光动力学。

Figure 2. Methodological validation of the microchip for monitoring intracellular calcium response of individual cells

  • (a-d)TRPV1激动剂2-APB。
    • (a)DMSO和2-APB组中,上百个TRPV1转染细胞的放大的荧光图像随时间变化图。
    • (b)DMSO组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (c)2-APB组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (d)上百个独立细胞的荧光增强分布(FE),显示了明显的细胞异质性。
  • (e-h)TRPV1拮抗剂RR。
    • (e)DMSO和RR组中,上百个TRPV1转染细胞的放大的荧光图像随时间变化图。其中,DMSO组是先使用DMSO,后添加2-APB;RR组是先使用了RR,后添加2-APB。
    • (f)DMSO组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (g)RR组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (h)同d。

2-APB

  通用的TRPV1、TRPV3激活剂,参考

RR

  钌红(Ruthenium Red),TRPV1、TRPV3拮抗剂。是一种聚阳离子染料,能够抑制骨骼肌和心肌内肌质网Ca2+释放,阻断线粒体Ca2+摄取和释放,以及预防胞内钙库中Ryanodine敏感的Ca2+释放(Kis=16nM-5.9μM,取决于Ca2+浓度)。钌红还能阻断细胞膜定位的辣椒素(capsaicin)活化阳离子通道(IC50=14nM)和电压敏感性钙通道,从而抑制神经递质释放。

Figure 3. Superior performance of the microchip for monitoring TRP channel activity

  • (a-f)重复的化合物通过被动阀实施。
    • (a)反复应用200 μM 2-APB后上百个TRPV3转染细胞的放大的荧光图像。
    • (b)a试验中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (c)a试验中上百个独立细胞的荧光增强分布的箱线图。
    • (d)2-APB按12.5、50、200 μM逐步增加后上百个TRPV3转染细胞的放大的荧光图像。
    • (e)d试验中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
    • (f)d试验中上百个独立细胞的荧光增强分布的箱线图。
  • (g-i)微流控试验(g)和FlexStation 3酶标仪试验(h)的重复性比较结果。说明微流控方法的FE偏差更小。

CAP

  辣椒素(capsaicin),TRPV1激活剂。

Figure 4. The novel coumarin B-304 compound inhibited the TRPA1 channel

  • (a)DMSO和B-304组中,上百个TRPV1转染细胞的放大的荧光图像随时间变化图。
  • (b)DMSO组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
  • (c)B-304组中代表性的钙荧光动态图像。
  • (d)芯片上DMSO和B-304组的上百个独立细胞的荧光增强分布。
  • (e)使用FlexStation 3试验绘出的不同剂量B-304对TRPA1通道的抑制荧光轨迹。
  • (f-g)膜片钳验证B-304对TRPA1通道的抑制作用。

Figure 5. Effects of B-304 on inhibition of inflammatory pain and locomotor activity in ICR mice

  • (a)在注射TRPA1激动剂、福尔马林(I)或AITC (II)后,测量了伤害性反应的持续时间。先用vehicle(黑色)、不同剂量的B-304(灰色)或A-967079(白色)对动物进行预处理。I阶段(0-5分钟)和II阶段(15-30分钟)。
  • (b)B-304对运动距离(I)、平均速度(II)、活动频率(III)、运动时间(IV)和休息时间(V)没有影响。

vehicle即加入化合物所用溶剂的对照,化合物中多采用DMSO。

Table 1. The screening results from three different methods

Channel Compounds FlexStation 3 Microfluidics Patch‐clamp
TRPA1 MXL‐6 × ×
A‐18 × ×
A‐31 × ×
B‐304
TRPV1 MXL‐38 × ×
A‐1 × ×
ISO × ×
TRPV2 A‐1
A‐18
A‐31 × ×
TRPV3 MXL‐6 × ×
A‐1
A‐18 × ×
A‐31 ×
ISO × ×
TRPV4 ISO × ×
STR × ×
DIC × ×
FRA × ×
A‐1 × ×
A‐18 × ×

Discussion

  作者首个实时监控TRP通道活性的微流控单细胞分析,并成功鉴定出了4个新颖的TRP通道拮抗剂。其优势在于:

  • 极大降低了传统的酶标仪筛选的假阳性。
  • 被动泵的方法可实现化合物的重复给药,而无需洗脱,且有助于在低剪应力下精确和操作简单地传递刺激。
  • 封闭通道有低体积消耗的优势。

Reference

Ai X, Wu Y, Lu W, et al. A Precise Microfluidic Assay in Single-Cell Profile for Screening of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Modulators[J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(11): 2000111.

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